cap-ONE is Nihon Kohden's unique mainstream CO2 sensor for both intubated and non-intubated patients. The ultra compact sensor and unique adapter provide accurate measurements and reduce the burden on the patients. cap-ONE overcomes the disadvantages and maintains all the advantages of mainstream sensor for optimal capnography.
Our CO2 sensor is ultra-compact weighing only 4 g, with a heaterless and motorless structure, that meets the United States Military Standard* for shock resistance.
*United States Military Standard: a performance test standard for products used by the US military. This is one of the evaluation standards for products in harsh environments.
Based on the principle of infrared absorption spectroscopy, Nihon Kohden provides two mainstream CO2 sensors: Quantitative method and Semi-quantitative method.
CO2 measurement can predict hyperventilation or hypoventilation which can be caused by inadequate analgesia, sedation or other potentially life-threatening causes.
1 Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care | Circulation (ahajournals.org)
2 Paul A. Baker Unrecognisedoesophagealintubation: time for action –ScienceDirect
3 Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018 | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists (asahq.org)
4 Langhan, M. L., Shabanova, V., Li, F. Y., Bernstein, S. L., & Shapiro, E. D. (2015). A randomized controlled trial of capnography during sedation in a pediatric emergency setting.The American journal of emergency medicine,33(1), 25–30.
5 Use of Capnography during Moderate Sedation by Non-Anesthesia Personnel in Various Clinical Settings -Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (apsf.org)
In the quantitative method, the infrared light transmitted through the airway adapter is split into two by a half mirror. One of which is detected as a signal output (Vs), the other passes through the gas cell* and is detected by another photo detector as the standard output (Vr). The partial pressure is calculated from the ratio of this signal output Vs and standard output Vr. *gas cell: a cell containing 100% CO2 gas
In the quantitative method, even the light intensity decreases, the ratio of signals and standard output (Vs/Vr) won’t change. Therefore, it is less likely to be affected by variables such as deterioration of light sources and dirty window of the sensor or water drops in the airway adapter and accurate CO2 partial pressure can be obtained. This measurement method is suitable for measurement when nebulizers are used or when humidification is used.
Simple structure consisting only of an infrared light source, filter, and photodetector. CO2 is barely found in expiration. This means that the CO2 level of the expiration is assumed as 0 mmHg and automatically process zero calibration for each expiration. CO2 partial pressure is calculated from the amount of infrared transmission (output of the photo detector) of exhalation and inhalation.
cap-ONE uses an original transparent film with an anti-fogging membrane. It forms a smooth layer of water which allows stable transmission of infrared light without irregular rejection. This technology eliminates the need for heaters and reduces the power consumption and weight of the sensor.
Without anti-fogging membrane | With anti-fogging membrane inside the airway |
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Nihon Kohden developed ETCO2 Audible Cue that could monitor a patient’s respiratory status in real time by applying the technology we have cultivated through the development of mainstream CO2 sensor. ETCO2 Audible Cue helps the caregiver to manage ETCO2 during manual ventilation and CPR by delivering five different, easy recognizable sounds to indicate five ranges (Figure 1) from high to low so that they can determine the patient’s condition without looking at the monitor.
Primarily designed for | ETCO2 Range | Sound Type | Sound Design | Example of Situation | Sound |
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Manual ventilation and ROSC confirmation | High 45≤ |
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Normal 35-44 | Ventilation is sufficient | ||||
Low1 20-34 | Hyperventilation is caused by over aggressive manual ventilation during transport | ||||
CPR (Chest compression) | Low2 10-19 | High quality chest compressions are achieved | |||
Low3 ≤9 | Quality of effectiveness of chest compression may need improvement |
ROSC: Return of Spontaneous Circulation